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WHAT IS A HACKER ? A  security hacker  is someone who seeks to breach defenses and  exploit  weaknesses in a  computer system  or  network . Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, information gathering, [1] challenge, recreation, [2]  or to evaluate system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers. The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the computer underground. There is a longstanding  controversy   about the term's true meaning. In this controversy, the term   hacker   is reclaimed by   computer programmers   who argue that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks, [4]   and that   cracker   is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminal ( black hats ) or computer security expert ( white hats ). [5] [6]   A 2014 article concluded that "... the black-hat meaning still pre